Prospects Improved statistical methods for detecting directional codon bias that can handle large amounts of data, ideally only require usage tables Explore other factors that can influence synonymous codon usage in multicellular organisms. Can use an Nc plot, but against different variables: tRNA population bias mRNA expression and stability protein abundance ribosome loading speed of mRNAs known mutational bias (polymerase or repair?) Microarray data may provide some of this information. Many factors contribute to synonymous codon usage bias, and understanding their relative influences will further our understanding of evolution.